Hamlet: Branaghs Ophelia and Showalters Representing Ophelia Essay

Hamlet: Branagh's Ophelia and Showalter's Representing Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ophelia falls to the floor, her screams contrasting eerily with the song pieces she uses as her speech.   In an instant she is writhing and thrusting her pelvis in such a gross sexual manner that it becomes clear that, in his film interpretation of William Shakespeare's Hamlet, Kenneth Branagh wants to imply a strong relationship between female insanity and female sexuality.   Such a relationship is exactly what Elaine Showalter discusses in her essay -- "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism" -- "I will be showing first of all the representational bonds between female insanity and female sexuality" (Showalter 223).   "Tracing" various representations of Ophelia throughout history, Showalter attempts to tell Ophelia's story by examining the way in which the culture of a society, their views of women, and psychiatric theory relates to the representation of Ophelia at that time.   With the amount of attention Branagh a ffords the role of Ophelia in his film, and because Branagh's Ophelia represents many of Showalter's ideas about Ophelia's drowning death, the bond between sexuality and insanity, and the conventions of femininity, Branagh's Ophelia can supplement Showalter's essay -- her "trace" of the history of representation of Ophelia -- serving as a Post-modern example of the representation of Ophelia.       In his representation of Ophelia, the relationship that Branagh attempts to establish between female insanity and female sexuality is a strong and obvious one.   Through costume, cinematography, blocking, and various other aspects, Branagh makes clear his interpretation that Ophelia's insanity is t... ...helia.   Not only does Branagh use the conventions of femininity that Showalter describes but he also relies heavily upon ideas similar to Showalter's, that everything about Ophelia is symbolic, to convey his Ophelia as representative of femininity and to express the inverse correlation that such femininity has with Ophelia's sexuality and her insanity.    Works Cited Hamlet.   Dir. Kenneth Branagh.   Perf. Julie Christie, Billy Crystal, Kate Winslett.   Castle   Rock Entertainment, 1996. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: St. Martin's, 1994. Showalter, Elaine. "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of   Feminist Criticism." William  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare: Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Case   Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: St. Martin's, 1994. 220-238.

Nurse Staffing Essay

Adequate nurse staffing for patient care has been a major difficulty in the health care system . Patients’ acuity continues to grow at a fast rate while hospitals continue to struggle with the adequate number for nurse-to-patient ratio, leaving nurses in a very difficult situation while trying to provide the best care possible to their patients. The low nurse-to-patients ratio can be remedied when public and private hospitals realize the negative impact on the outcome of care. This paper will try to point out the negative effects of low nurse-to-patient ratio has on outcome of care. Like other professions that continue to face obstacles, nursing has its own obstacles that it must face from time to time. The world population increases so will the obstacles that nursing will have to face, but good administration can be used to defend the work conditions under which nurses are forced to work. Many studies have been done to point out the problem, with a pile of evidence to support the need to alleviate the burden on the nurses but to no avail. A study conducted in the Chinese hospital by Zhu, You, et al. (2012). Nurse Staffing Levels Make a Difference on Patient Outcomes: A Multisite Study in Chinese Hospitals proved, â€Å"more nursing staff per patient had statistically significant positive effects on all necessary nursing care, nurses’ reports of quality of care, their confidence on patients’ self-care ability on discharge from hospital, patient adverse events, as well as patients’ report of satisfaction (Zhu, You, et al, 2012, p. 266)†. The study was composed of 181 hospitals across mainland China. The sample that was used was 31provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions with level 3 hospitals. To show the strength of the study, the researchers applied statistics to prove their results. As much as the hospitals may not see the need to improve on the nurse to patient problem, the evidence is there. It is something that must be dealt with because it is dangerous to both nurses and patients. Further studies were also conducted on the problem by Nantsupawat A, Srisuphan W, et al. (2011). Impact of nurse work Environment and Staffing on Hospital Nurse and Quality of care in Thailand. This study was to prove the impact of nursing staffing on the work environment, the cause of burnout and the impact on quality of care in Thailand. Research elements was secondary data analysis of 2007 Thai Nurse Survey. The study took place at 13 general and regional hospitals in Thailand using a â€Å"multistage sampling†. Nurses were asked demographic questions about themselves both general and regional hospitals. Results shown the ratio of patient to nurse was 10:1. Nurses who worked in hospitals with fair patient to nurse ratio had less burnout. The study has great significance in nursing practice and can be used as proof to show the impact of high patients to nurses ratio. It was found that nurses in Thailand work environment have high burnout and great dissatisfaction of nurses. Nurse to patient is very low with a total of 1:10 per shift. At times, a nurse ended-up having to care for more patients. The high patients to nurse ratio brought with it adverse outcomes on patients’ care and place the patients at high risk of occurrences such as: mistaken one patient for another, patient falls, medication errors, pressure ulcers, and urinary tract infection. Furthermore, in the study conducted by Cho, June, Kim, et al (2009). Nurse staffing, quality of nursing care and nurse job outcomes in intensive care units. This study measured the proportion number of patients to nurse. As per the authors of the article, â€Å"nurses were more likely to rate quality of care as high when they care for two or fewer patients (odd ratio, 3. 26; 95% confidence interval, 1. 14-9. 31) or 2. 0-2. 5 patients (odd ratios, 2. 44; 95% confidence interval, 1. 32-4. 52), compared with having more than three patients (Cho, June, Kim, et al,, 2009, p. 1729)†. The research use for its design a â€Å"cross-sectional study with survey. Its method included 1365 nurses from 65 intensive care units in 22 hospitals in Korea, using â€Å"A Multilevel logistic regression model†. Two indicators were used, which are the number of patients for each nurse on the ward and the way the staff viewed adequate staffing. The research took place in the ICU units. Hence, the study also reported that in table #4 in the Sole ICU, there were largest number of patient 2. 8 + or – 0. 4 ( Cho, June, Kim, et al, 2009, p. 1733)†. What is proven is that when the ratio of nurses increases and the patient’s one decreases, there is a higher quality of care that takes place on the unit. This study has great significance to nursing and patient care, because nurses here in the U.  S often have similar complaints. In addition, the study from Manojlovich & Sidani (2007). Nurse Dose: What’s in a concept. This is a pathway that the authors believed could alleviate the problem of nurse to patient ratio. The study provided an understanding between the link of nursing care and outcome of care. As stated by Manojlovich & Sidani (20097), â€Å"by clarifying the conceptual and operational definitions of nurse dose, we offer a unified view of the inter-relationships among variables, with the goal of advancing research on nurse staffing and patient outcome (p. 11)†. With this concept of â€Å"Nurse Dose† future nurse staffing may greatly improve. Furthermore, in the research conducted by Al-Kandari &Thomas (2008). Perceived Adverse patient outcomes correlated to nurses’ workload in medical and surgical of selected hospitals in Kuwait. It is understood that the proportion of patient to nurse ratio plays a vital part on the outcomes of care. The study shown that there is clear correlation that exist between the work load of the nursing staff and the outcomes of care. The research elements utilized for this study was â€Å"across-sectional survey conducted between RNs on medical and surgical units in five governmental hospitals. The result shown three major faulty outcomes were reported by nurses from their previous shift which were patients’ complaints and family concerns. The limitation of this study reports were only from the nurses on the units and future researches would need further details (Al-kandari &Thomas, 2007, p. 589). It is impossible for nurses to give adequate care and expect good outcomes when nurses are stocked with non-nursing tasks to do. It was found that patients and families and medication miss dose were the two primary outcomes that added on the nurses’ workload. Second, occurrences tend to increase on the units as the workload of the nurses increased, and non-nursing tasks heavily impacted the workload of the nurses in Kuwait. The study shown great relevance to nursing practice, because it shows that hospitals need to employ other people to carry out non-nursing duties on the unit such as clerical work; which would alleviate the workload from nurses responsibilities. Hence, the article Relationships between Registered Nurse Staffing, Processes of Nursing Care, and Nurse-Reported patient outcomes in Chronic Hemodialysis Units by Thomas- Hawkins, Flynn, &Clarke (2008) shown the importance of a high nurse to patient ratio in hemodialysis units. The authors reported in hemodialysis units, â€Å"higher RN staffing levels have lower odds of experiencing skipped dialysis treatments (Hawkins-T, Flynn, & Clarke, 2008, p. 124)†. The study shows that it is to the benefits of the patients when there is a higher nurse to patient ratio on hemodialysis units because, patient will less likely experience any untoward events that are associated with the side effects of hemodialysis therapy. The study utilized a â€Å"cross-sectional method† for data collection which focused on the hemodialysis patient population. The study demonstrated the importance of having a high nurse to patient ratio in dialysis units. The higher the nurses to patient ratio, the less occurrences the patients will experience during hemodialysis treatment. The research used a type of questionnaire in order to find the most accurate adverse events that took place in the dialysis units. The limitations of this study was conducted with nurses who belong to an organization, the adverse patients’ outcomes were gathered from the nurses’ reports. The findings from this research were as follow: the nurse staffing levels played a significant role on patients’ outcomes during treatment. The ratio between patients and nurses is high, and each nurse had a patient load that consisted of 12 patients and sometimes more. This study has very good relevance to nursing practice due the fact that it shed light on a particular unit because it is a specialized unit. The study also demonstrated the importance of having professional RNs to perform such duties. Nurse staffing levels and Nursing outcomes: A Bayesian analysis, of Finnish-registered nurse survey data by Tero-h, Kiviniemi, et al (2009). Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 986-993. This report pointed out the impact of high patients to nurse ratio have on the nurses and their performance on the unit. Therefore, it is inevitable this kind of nurse staffing would bring negative patients’ outcomes. The design of this study used a survey of date collection from RNs in 46 units at five hospitals. The study found that many elements were contributed to occurrences on the unit such as mortality, failure to rescue, had a very closed correlation to the number of patients to nurse ratio. The study relates significantly to nursing, because it displayed the stress levels that nurses experienced due to heavy patient load assignment. Macphee, Ellis, & McCutcheon (2005). Nurse Staffing and patient Safety. The Canadian Health Services Research foundation. This article brought up evidences of events that may occur in relation to lower nurse patient ratio. It is evident that with a lower nurse to patient ratio, patients are at greater risk of adverse outcomes such as increased rate of mortality, nosocomial infections. It is also proven that with a higher nurse to patient ratio, incidents can be greatly reduced. The study utilized sets of data collected from other researches. No specific population group was chosen for this research but the impact of having high patient to nurse ratio were strongly presented. The article displayed its use to the nursing practice with enough substantial facts. Ke-p. (2003) Relationships between Nurse Staffing and Patient Outcomes. Journal of Nursing Research, 11(3). The study was conducted on a medical –surgical unit in Taiwan with analyzed data from a â€Å"descriptive and multivariate inferential statistics†. The rational of this study was to demonstrate the co-relation that exised between high patients to nurse ratio and its impact on patient care outcomes. The results of this study were astounding. It was found that acquired infections, falls, pressure ulcers were the outcome results of inappropriate nurse to patient ratio. This study definitely has very good relevance to nursing practice. Curtin L. (2003). An Integrated Analysis of Nurse Staffing and Related Variables: Effect on Patient Outcomes. Online Journal of Issues in nursing, 8(3), 10913734. In this his study, the author shows a good co-relation between nurse staffing and the outcomes of care on medical patients. He also pointed out an increase in nurse staffing, that was associated with a reduction of 3 to 12 % in occurrences on the hospitals units. (Curtin, 2003). Here again it shows that the greater is the nurse to patient ratio, the better the outcome. Although, this study did not use a specific design, but the analysis it used shows the importance of having a low patient to nurse ratio. Therefore, it is vital for the hospitals to realize the great pain that are imposed on patients and nurses. It is time to remedy the problem. Aiken L. (2010). Safety In numbers: A mandatory minimum nurse to patient ratio improves outcome. Nursing Standard, 24(44). The author reported, â€Å"International Hospital Outcomes Study revealed that in England and the United States, hospitals with higher nurse staffing levels had lower mortality rates, nurse job dissatisfaction and burnout (Aiken, 2010, p. 2)†. The study was conducted in five different countries which survey 22,000 RNs in 604 hospitals in California, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. It was found that nurse in California and the two other states that are closed to California with similar staffing mandatory rules had decreased their workload subsequently providing better care. Duffield C, et al. (2010). Staffing, Skill mix and the model of care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 2242-2251 dio: 10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2010. 03225. The study design was based on secondary analysis collection of data on selected medical/surgical units in 19 hospitals in South Wales, Australia. The experienced nurses worked during the night while the least experienced nurses worked day or evening shift. The limitation of this study was that skill mix RNs was beneficial to outcomes, but the number of years of experience on a unit were not studied. (Duffield, et al, 2010, pp. 2246, 2249)†. The relevance of this study to nursing was that it shows how a unit can benefit from having different levels of experienced skill nurses give care to patients. Sidani S, Manojlovich M, & Covell C. (2010). Nurse Dose: Validation and Refinement of a Concept. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An international Journal, 24(3), dio: 10. 1891/154-6577. 24. 3. 159. The study used â€Å"Anonexperrimental, modified survey† a questionnaire was used with four sections that participants used to answer the questions. The targeted population was nurse researchers who are experts in services related to healthcare (p. 163)†. The result of this study shows how important it is for nurses to spend time with their patients to bring an effective outcome. The study shows great significance of this study in nursing. Welton JM. 2007). Mandatory hospital nurse to patient staffing ratios: Time to take a different approach. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 12(3). (13p) (52 ref) This article did not show a specific design that was used. The article stressed another component of the problem, the fact that hospitals are being pressured to increase their staffing without any reimbursement. The article presented two arguments one for and the other against the problem. As a result, hospitals diminished their staff from other area which helped them to compensate for the deficit. Although the acuity of patients continue to rise, hospitals failed to increase nurse to patient levels to enable good outcomes. Currie V, Gill V, et al. (2005). Relationship between quality of care, staffing levels, skill mix and nurse autonomy: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(1) 73-82. Using a â€Å"cross-sectional analysis design and magnet hospitals, the article poke through between the problem of patient to nurse ratio and the level of occurrences such as, mortality and failure to rescue. The findings were that units with higher nurse to patient ratio experienced lower occurrences. Yes, the article did prove its significance into nursing and patient care. In conclusion, studies are not always conclusive on a particular problem or issue. Further studies are often needed to shed new light on the problem. Hospitals have their parts to play in order to bring a higher nurse to patient ratio to fruition. It still remains that nurses have the responsibility to provide safe and effective nursing care to their patients, regardless of the environment. As a reminder, nursing is a humanistic profession, and its aim has always and will continue to focus on human needs, without regard to ratios. Nonetheless, nurses own it to themselves to be steadfast and never to soften their stand on their demands. Nurses to patient ratio is of utmost importance in the health care and patient outcomes depend on safe nursing staff. It is undeniably true that most professions are facing their own obstacles, and nursing is no different. Nursing has its own obstacles that it has been fighting and must continue to fight for, but a higher nurse to patient ratio is a must win fight, because the end result will be good patients’ care.

Impersonal Verb Definition, Usage, and Examples

Impersonal verbs, verbs that dont refer to the action of a specific entity, are used in both English and Spanish, although in different ways. Known as verbos impersonales in Spanish, they are fairly rare. They consist mainly of some  weather verbs and certain uses of haber and ser along with their English equivalents. Definition of Impersonal Verb An impersonal verb is one that expresses the action of an unspecified, generally meaningless subject. In its narrowest sense, an impersonal verb can have no subject. Impersonal Spanish verbs in this narrow sense include the weather verbs such as llover (to rain), which are also defective verbs, because conjugated forms exist only in the third-person singular (as in llueve, it is raining). Applying this strict definition to English, only one impersonal verb—methinks—remains in use, and then only in literature or for effect. In a broader and more usual sense, however, impersonal verbs in English are those that use a meaningless it as the subject. The it, known by many grammarians as an expletive, dummy pronoun, or pleonastic pronoun, is used not to provide meaning in the sentence but to provide a grammatically necessary subject. In the sentences It snowed and It is apparent he lied, snowed and is, respectively, are impersonal verbs. In Spanish, sometimes plural verbs can be considered impersonal, as in a sentence such as Comen arroz en Guatemala (they eat rice in Guatemala). Note how in this sentence, the implied subject of the sentence (translated as they in English) doesnt refer to anyone in particular. There is no significant difference in meaning between saying Comen arroz en Guatemala and Se come el arroz en Guatemala (Rice is eaten in Guatemala). In other words, this impersonal usage is similar in meaning to that of the passive voice. Using the Weather Verbs The most common weather verbs that are used impersonally in addition to llover are granizar (to hail), helar (to freeze), lloviznar (to drizzle), never (to snow), and tronar (to thunder). Hacer can similarly be used impersonally in phrases such as hacer viento (to be windy, literally to make or do wind). Other weather-related hacer phrases include hacer buen tiempo (to have good weather), hacer calor (to be hot), hacer frà ­o (to be cold), hacer mal tiempo (to have bad weather), and hacer sol (to be sunny). Verbs used similarly to refer to outdoor phenomena include amanecer (to become dawn), anochecer (to become dark, as at night), and relampaguear (to become brighter). When used impersonally, these verbs can be used only in the third person, but they can be used in any tense. For example, forms of llover include llovà ­a (it was raining), llovià ³ (it rained), ha llovido (it has rained), and lloverà ­a (it would rain). Haber as an Impersonal Verb In Spanish, the hay  form of  haber also is considered impersonal. In translation to English, there rather than it is used as a dummy pronoun. When used in the third person, haber can have meanings such as there is, there are, and there were. In the present indicative, haber takes the form of hay when referring to the existence of both singular and plural subjects. So Hay una mesa is used for There is one table, while Hay tres mesas is used for There are three tables. Traditionally in other tenses, only the singular form is used. Thus you would say Habà ­a una mesa for There was one table and Habà ­a tres mesas for There were three tables. However, although grammar purists may frown on it, it isnt unusual to hear habà ­an used for the plural, or habrà ¡n in the future tense. Ser as an Impersonal Verb In Spanish, no equivalent of it is used with impersonal verbs, which stand alone using a third-person singular conjugation. An example of an impersonal verb usage is the es in Es verdad que estoy loco (It is true that I am crazy). Ser is commonly used impersonally as the equivalent of constructions such as it is, it was and it will be in English impersonal expressions. Thus you could say Es posible que salgamos for It is possible we will leave. Note how it doesnt refer to anyone or anything in particular but is included simply so is can have a subject. Key Takeaways Impersonal verbs are those which the subject of the verb is no person or entity in particular.When impersonal verbs are used, Spanish doesnt use a noun or pronoun as the subject, omitting the subject entirely. In English, it and sometimes there are used as dummy subjects for impersonal verbs.Impersonal verbs are used only in the third person.

The Founding Fathers Democratic Reformers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 930 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/15 Category History Essay Type Case study Level High school Topics: Government Essay Did you like this example? Based on the views of the two it is clear that they provide it based on whether or not the founding father were democratic reformers at all. Between this two arguments, the young case gives out a more convincing evidence based on the same matter. John p. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Founding Fathers Democratic Reformers" essay for you Create order Roche on the other side opposes that the founding fathers were unconditionally and full self-governing reformers and that their starting point created a constitution which was used to subsidy the nation but at the same time it was considered acceptable by the people of the identical nation. Alfred in his views has more accompanying powers and evidence which shows out that the founding fathers were not democratic reformers at all rather they selected their views based on the notion but not radically the constitution. The founding fathers also tried to make this depiction equal based on the council in the two houses. However, the main challenge was on the face paint of the senate which does not approve with this because of the large states and the small countryside of the people in the small states which had the same quantity of illustration. In John p. Roche argument based on the founding father they were the best seemly for their spot as they never gave up in some of the existing suggestion which supports his assertion and which was on the incompatible to the other. Alfred on his views states that the founding fathers were not democratic at all but rather they were there to make their decision which protected their power in a consistent ways and motive. But radically if one bases on the two viewpoints given by the two authors it is evident that the founding fathers were not in fact democratic reformers at any instance as they were wealthy statesmen who worked on time schedule for the best of their interests and in the same manner to save their wealth. Alfred views based on the American Revolution and matters of constitution was put under the military actions which were based on the social media and cultural context. Based on the period of the new observers it is noted that the military leaders such as George Washington used to reinforce some of the strict class hierarchies which were on the continental congress. This congress later came together and joined to write the new nations laws which was overwhelming most of the people who were against the confederation and due to this matter some were left in more powers than they were before the colonies emerged. Once the revolution took powers after the influential of the constitution, most of the Americans assumed that the Indians lands to the west were discharged by soldiers who were not paid at all though the people were rich and devalued currency more than the people and as a result some riots erupted in the process. In Roches views based on the founding father and the facts of confederation it is essentially good for the people and the framing of the constitution to be fairly democratic as the equality is addressed under the state, economic and political interest. Most of his views addressed shows out that the convention was in order to make each and every one happy. To achieve all this partisan equality for all of the citizens it is vibrant that most of the gentle issued were necessary and venerated some changes to those on the constitutional difficulties. According to most of his views he goes again to an extend of saying that most of his frames were in the elite class of people, which had the same interest from the peoples hearts though most of their articles were weak based on the government convention. The state had also some motive of keeping most of the ratification of the constitution which helped them to achieve most of their views in an easy way. In confirmation to this most of the founding fathers were rich as they came from good and wealthy families which were educated. Alfred states that the founding father grounded on the constitution as their own individual experience without deliberation of their past experience which gave an average of the new residents. This views given does not mean that they were selfish on their views but they reflected on the economic interest which was broad on the constitution itself. Most of the arguments given by both of the two were backed up with the information based on the logistic outcome of it. For instance, I do perceive that the founding father were democratic to extend that the constitution did not add value to them. This is due to the facts that most of the minorities were slaves, servants and people without property who are on the verge of the poverty line as this is shown by the constitution which was aimed at the elite class. Again the constitution which was written gave in some economic power to the citizen as they do not consider the government. In conclusion, Most of the people reaction compromise this matters and facts as the constitution between the various disputes does not give the real purpose for the nation to unite but rather creates the market gap for confederation. Still most of their argument had some political nature in it which brought in the conflict on the society. Bibliography Momen, Mehnaaz. American Identity: Ideals versus Illusions. In The Paradox of Citizenship in American Politics, pp. 25-63. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2010. Weyl, Walter E. The New Democracy: An Essay on Certain Political and Economic Tendencies in the United States. Routledge, 2017.

Jane’s Path to Prosperity Essay - 2444 Words

Jane’s Path to Prosperity In The beginning of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte introduces Jane as an orphan girl who is residing at Gateshead with Mrs. Reed and her children. Bronte walks us through the episodes of Jane’s life as she moves to Lowood, Thronfield, Moor House, and finally to Ferndean. Throughout these stages, Bronte will show how charity was depicted through the interactions that Jane had. Through these perspectives we will see that the results of how charity was regarded, based on the nineteenth century concepts and views that Bronte discusses, point out the significance of charity in Jane Eyre. Charlotte’s focus on charity in her novel revolves not only around giving money to orphans, but giving love and care to those in†¦show more content†¦Bronte’s views on charity are first seen through the actions in the Reed household. Jane is an orphan girl left to be taken care of by her uncle. However, her uncle passed away when she was very young and she remains in the custody of the bitter Reeds. The reason as to why they are bitter is because they are greedy and disregard Jane in all they do. In spite of the fact that she is poor and has no family that cares for her, they harass and mock her instead of giving her love and care. From an incident at the beginning of the novel, we can clearly see how Jane is mistreated. When Jane is a girl of about nine years old, we learn that she has an interest in reading books. She feels that reading will allow her to experience some of the excitement in the books considering that she isn’t part of the Reed family and is excluded from everything else that they do. Even by engaging herself with reading some of their books, which were scarcely used by the Reeds, Jane had to be punished for laying hands on their so-called property because in their views, since she’s poor, she’s unfit to touch them. We can see how cruel the Reeds are when John confronts Jane for using their books: You have no business to take our books; you are a dependant, mama says; you have no money: your father left you non; you oughtShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Freedom In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, the heroine is portrayed as a neglected individual who desperately wishes to learn the skill of escaping the imprisonment of the troubled mind. Literary critic Nina Baym claims that Jane’s goal is to assert her dominance rather than to gain independence. However, in several parts of the novel, Jane is vocal about her desire to make it on her own without the assistance of money, love, or affection. She would rather be freed of any restraints that may holdRead More How the United States Must Handle China and Its Military in the 21st Century4404 Words   |  18 Pagesalso in the interests of the world. In May 2010 the White House released the latest National Security Strategy which advocates an increased interac tion with China. Asia’s dramatic economic growth has increased its connection to America’s future prosperity, and its emerging centers of influence make it increasingly important both economically and militarily. We have taken substantial steps to deepen our engagement in the region, through regional organizations, new dialogues, and high-level diplomacyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagescontributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, Let’s assume you have been offered a job by Jekyll Corporation, a company in the consumer products industry. The job is in your chosen career path. Jekyll Corporation has offered you a position that would begin 2 weeks after you graduate. The job responsibilities are appealing to you, make good use of your training, and are intrinsically interesting. The company seems well positioned financially

Home Work Free Essays

How did the recession of 2007–2009 compare with other recessions since the Great Depression in terms of length? Ans. It was the longest. This may be close to a perfect storm situation on top of a real estate bust, and a financial bust [crime? ], â€Å"Technology† is a big part of the unemployment situation, and then there’s the world wide normalizing of salary levels – China, India, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now up, US down. 2. What effect did the recession of 2007–2009 have on government regulation? It was greatly increased. 3. What advantages does a sole proprietorship offer? What is a major drawback of this type of organization? A sole proprietorship offers the advantage of simplicity of decision-making and low organizational and operating costs. A major drawback is that there is unlimited liability to the owner. 8. Why are institutional investors important in today’s business world? Because institutional investors such as pension funds and mutual funds own a large percentage of major U. S. companies, they are having more to say about the way publicly owned companies are managed. As a group, they have the ability to vote large blocks of shares for the election of a board of directors, which is supposed to run the company in an efficient, competitive manner. The threat of being able to replace poor performing boards of directors makes institutional investors quite influential. Since these institutions, like pension funds and mutual funds, represent individual workers and investors, they have a responsibility to see that the firm is managed in an efficient and ethical way. 9. Why is profit maximization, by itself, an inappropriate goal? What is meant by the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth? The problem with a profit maximization goal is that it fails to take account of risk, the timing of the benefits is not considered, and profit measurement is a very inexact process. The goal of shareholders wealth maximization implies that the firm will attempt to achieve the highest possible total valuation in the marketplace. It is the one overriding objective of the firm and should influence every decision. 10. When does insider trading occur? What government agency is responsible for protecting against the unethical practice of insider trading? Insider trading occurs when anyone with non-public information buys or sells securities to take advantage of that private information. The Securities and Exchange Commission is responsible for protecting markets against insider trading. In the past people have gone to jail for trading on non-public information. This has included company officers, investment bankers, printers who have information before it is publishers and even truck drivers who deliver business magazines and read positive or negative articles about a company before the magazine is on the newsstands and then place trades or have friends place trades based on that information. The SEC has prosecuted anyone who profits from inside information. Every decision 12. What is the difference between a primary and a secondary market? A primary market refers to the use of the financial markets to raise new funds for the corporation. After the securities are sold to the public (institutions and individuals), they trade in the secondary market between investors. It is in the secondary market that prices are continually changing as investors buy and sell securities based on the expectations of corporate prospects. 13. Assume you are looking at many companies with equal risk; which ones will have the highest stock prices? Given companies with equal risk, those companies with expectations of high return will have higher common stock prices relative to those companies with expectations of poor returns. Chapter 2 1. Discuss some financial variables that affect the price-earnings ratio. The price-earnings ratio will be influenced by the earnings and sales growth of the firm, the risk or volatility in performance, the debt-equity structure of the firm, the dividend payment policy, the quality of management, and a number of other factors. The ratio tends to be future-oriented, and the more positive the outlook, the higher it will be. 2. What is the difference between book value per share of common stock and market value per share? Why does this disparity occur? Book value per share is arrived at by taking the cost of the assets and subtracting out liabilities and preferred stock and dividing by the number of common shares outstanding. It is based on the historical cost of the assets. Market value per share is based on current assessed value of the firm in the marketplace and may bear little relationship to original cost. Besides the disparity between book and market value caused by the historical cost approach, other contributing factors are the growth prospects for the firm, the quality of management, and the industry outlook. To the extent, these are quite negative or positive; market value may differ widely from book value. 5. How is the income statement related to the balance sheet? The earnings (less dividends) reported in the income statement is transferred to the ownership section of the balance sheet as retained earnings. Thus, what we earn in the income statement becomes part of the ownership interest in the balance sheet. 6. Comment on why inflation may restrict the usefulness of the balance sheet as normally presented. The balance sheet is based on historical costs. When prices are rising rapidly, historical cost data may lose much of their meaning–particularly for plant and equipment and inventory. 10. Why is interest expense said to cost the firm substantially less than the actual expense, while dividends cost it 100 percent of the outlay? Interest expense is a tax-deductible item to the corporation, while dividend payments are not. The net cost to the corporation of interest expense is the amount paid multiplied by the difference of one minus the applicable tax rate. For example, $100 of interest expense costs the company $65 after taxes when the corporate tax rate is 35 percent; for example, $100 ? (1 – . 35) = $65. Problems Q5. Sales -Cost of goods sold Gross profit -Selling and administrative expense -Depreciation expense Operating profit -Interest expense Earnings before taxes Taxes Earnings after taxes -Preferred stock dividends Earnings available to common stockholders Shares outstanding Earnings per share Q11. Stein Books, Inc. Income Statement For the year ended Dec. 31 2010 Sales$273,000 Cost of goods sold$210,000 Gross profit= 63,000 SA expenses -12,000 Depreciation expense -15,000 Operating profit =36,000 Interest Expense -10,000 Earnings before taxes = 26,000 Taxes -7,800 Earnings after taxes = 18,2 00 Q18. (a) Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2009. The P/E ratio equals the stock price divided by the earnings per share. 280,000 / 200,000 = $1. 40 EPS 30. 80 / 1. 40 = 22 P/E ratio (b) Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2010. 320,000 /200,000 = $1. 60 EPS 40 / 1. 60 = 25 P/E ratio (c) Give a general explanation of why the P/E ratio changed. The market price of the stock increased at a higher rate than earnings. Second part: From the problem above, assume for Botox Facial Care that in 2011, Earnings after taxes declined to $140,000 with the same $200,000 shares outstanding. The stock price declined to $24. 50. a. Compute earnings per share and the P/E ratio for 2011. 140,000 / 200,000 = $0. 70 EPS 24. 50 / 0. 70 = 35 b. Give a general explanation of why the P/E changed. Earnings decreased at a higher rate than the market price of the stock. Q. 23. Landers Nursery and Garden Stores Current assets$220,000 Capital/Fixed assets $170,000 Total assets $390,000 – Current liabilities $80,000 – Long-term liabilities 140,000 Shareholders’ equity 170,000 – Preferred stock obligation 40,000 Net worth assigned to common 130,000 Common shares outstanding 25,000 Book value (net worth) per share†¦ $5. 20 How to cite Home Work, Papers

Changes And Development Of ABC Hotels †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Change And Development Of ABC Hotels. Answer: Introduction ABC Groups of hotels is a chain of hotel based in Australia that was founded in 1987. The hotel was initially a 3-star hotel that had around 25 rooms and later on expanded to 45 rooms and introduced new services and amenities that helped it in falling under the 5-star hotel category. In 1996, the hotel started to expand its business operations by opening new branches in different parts of Australia. At present, the chain of hotel has around 32 5-hotels in different parts of Australia and is emerging as an industrial leader because of the services and amenities that it offers to its clients. The change program at ABC Hotels In the past few months, the hotel group had noticed a steep rise in the number of guests that check into their hotels, which was having an effect on the management of the company. Due to holiday seasons and too many check-ins and check-outs, the management was not being able to cope up with the high demand and the customers were made to wait for a couple of hours before they could be allotted a room. To to upscale the quality of services, ABC Groups of hotels took an initiative so that it could digitise the check-in and checkout system. Digitising the check-in and check-out process could help the hotel group to avoid cases where the guests were made to wait for hours before the house keeping staff to get their rooms ready so that they could check-in into their rooms. To ensure even better services, the hotel group has planned to implement an ERP Business suite that will be especially designed to make the process of check-ins and check-outs much faster. The ERP business suite was supp osed to: Keep a track of new hotel bookings and compare them with the existing bookings to send confirmation to the clients and allocate them their room numbers in real time. To send regular reminders to the housekeeping staff about upcoming check-ins and check-outs To keep the guests informed about the status and availability of their room through text messages or status updates on the official application To ensure that there is an appropriate time window for the housekeeping staff to prepare the rooms for the new guests after the guests check out. To achieve perfection in its objectives, the hotel management thought that it would implement an ERP Business suite and would make its housekeeping staff undergo extensive training and development sessions so that they could learn how to use the new software and use it efficiently to manage the check in and check out processes. The company also decided that it would test its plan by initially implementing the change program at the Sydney franchise of the ABC Hotel. Reflective Writing Luckily, I was working as a part of the housekeeping team in ABC Hotel, Sydney, when the company decided to implement a change program in our hotel. We, as a team, were aware of the fact that the increase in demand for our services had disturbed the smoothness of our operations to some extent and that the senior level management was trying to come up with a solution to the ongoing problems but the change program came as a complete surprise to use and also to some of the top officials of our hotel. The change management program implemented by the management of the hotel greatly helped me in gaining a better insight into the process of change management and certain important challenges that can be faced by the managers while trying to implement an organisational change. During the implementation of the change program in ABC Hotel, an important issue, according to me, which had an impact on the stakeholders involved was the communication of change and lack of motivation. Lack of communication and motivation amongst the staff members Due to globalisation, the business world has become highly competitive and complex. Business organisations are now vulnerable to a number of internal and external environment factors that can undergo changes in real time. In order to survive in the market, business organisations have to continuously implement workplace changes that can help them in competing with the market trends. It is often said that change is the only constant thing but it is never easy to implement changes in the workplace without proper communication and motivation. Contemporary business organisations are facing a number of issues related to change management and resistance to change is one of the main issues behind the failure of change management programs. Resistance to change is the behaviour or the action that the stakeholders demonstrate when they become aware of an upcoming change, which might pose a threat to their work lives and routine (changingminds.org, n.d.). Though resistance to change can occur due to a number of reasons, lack of proper communication channels and the inability of the senior level management to keep the employees motivated are two prime reasons that give rise to resistance to change. Lack of communication instils fear in the mind of the employees and they are more likely to perceive a change as a threat to their work lives. on the other hand, the inability of the managers to keep the workers motivated to accept the change and demonstrate a change in behaviour also reduces employee morale and they become more likely to resist the changes being planned for their betterment. Personal experience As discussed above, I got to be a part of the change management program that the management of ABC Hotel had planned to implement, which gave me an opportunity to gain a deeper insight into the process of change management and the issue of lack of communication and motivation associated with it. Though the workforce was aware about the prevailing problems in the hotel i.e. delays in check ins and check outs, but none of us had thought of such a large scale change program upcoming for the entire housekeeping staff. The decision of implementing a technological solution to deal with the problem was a complete surprise to the entire hotel workforce and the fact that the housekeeping staff will have to undergo training and development to operate the new technology made the situation even more complex. I could clearly notice that the senior management had committed a blunder in the very first step of the change management process as it failed to communicate the change in an appropriate manner. The information regarding the change program started taking rounds as a rumour and had already created a fear in the minds of those employees who were going to be affected as a result of the change program. The workforce started creating panic when the information was officially approved bec ause it had no idea about the change in their roles and responsibilities that would result due to the changes being planned for the workplace. I could feel a lot of negativity in the minds of my co-workers because they had developed a fear of the unknown in their minds and the failure of the management to communicate the change program to them was demotivating for the entire workforce. As a result, we ended up resisting the change, which posed a great challenge to the managers of the organisation and prevented them from successfully implementing the change in the workplace. The failure of the management to properly communicate with the employees and to keep them motivated did not go well as the management ended up wasting a lot of its importance resources and time. Further, the change program was not successfully implemented and the productivity and efficiency of the staff also got hindered. Therefore, the change program initiated by the ABC Hotel was very helpful for me as it made me realise the importance of communication and motivation when change programs are being implemented in the workplace. Effect of change program on my learning I had heard a lot about workplace changes, resistance to workplace and also that implementing changes in the workplace is not an easy task. It was only during my job at ABC Hotel that I realised the difficulty that the managers as well as the workforce faces while change programs are being planned and designed for a workplace. It helped me in learning the importance of communication and motivation in change management programs. I was keen on knowing the reasons for the failure of the initiative, so I started researching and found some interested change management models that helped me in gaining a better understanding of the entire process and the strategies. that the company could have used to successfully implement the desired changes. One such model that greatly grabbed my interest was William Bridges transition model. The model was developed by William Bridges and was published in 1991. The strength of this model lies in the fact that it stresses more upon transition rather than stressing upon change. The model defines three different stages in the process of transition. These stages are: Ending, losing, and letting go The neutral zone The new beginning In the first stage, the people who are likely to get affected by the change will show resistance to the change because of fear, anger, sadness, frustration, etc. it is important for the managers to accept the resistance shown by people, find its root cause and eliminate it in order to make a positive progress (Mindtools, n.d.). Communicating with the people is of utmost importance in this stage. In the second stage, the people who are likely to get affected by the change are often confused, uncertain and impatient. Even though they offer lesser resistance to change, they are more likely to feel higher workload as they have to cope-up with the new systems and technology. In this stage, the employees might demonstrate anxiety, low morale, low productivity, etc. (Bridges Mitchell, n.d.) In this stage, the managers or the change agents should ensure that they are able to keep the employees engaged and are able to keep the motivated to make a transition from one stage to another. In the third or the final stage, people are likely to start accepting the changes. They start to demonstrate a change in their behaviour. In this stage, it is important for the managers to reinforce the changes that they have been able to achieve so far by rewarding and appreciating those people who show a change in their work and behaviour. After studying the above model, I got a greater clarity of the entire change management procedure that was adopted by ABC Hotel and I was able to pin point the reasons of failure of the program. The management did not prepare adequately for the change implementation and offered no support to the people involved in any stage. In the very first stage where the employees were supposed to be angry, frustrated, etc. the management did not communicate properly with them. Even if some of the people were able to make a progress to the second stage, the lack of motivation prevented them from accepting the change and nobody was able to enter the third stage at all. As a result, the change management program failed and the productivity and efficiency of the hotel also suffered as a result of it. Conclusion Change management is one of the toughest processes that business organisations have to go through and also for the managers who have to implement changes in the workplace. Workplace changes are a necessary evil, which have helped many companies in becoming more competitive while the failure of change management programs have also thrown a number of industrial leaders entirely out of the competition. From my experience, I learned that the management and implementation of change is easier said than done. The change models designed by the pioneers of the subject, which are available to us from the past, should definitely be used before designing and implementing workplace changes so that the chances of success can be enhanced. References changingminds.org, n.d. Resistance to Change. [Online] Available at: https://changingminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/resistance_change.htm[Accessed 15 September 2017]. Bridges, W. Mitchell, S., n.d. Leading Transition: A New Model for Change. [Online] Available at: https://www.crowe-associates.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/WilliamBridgesTransitionandChangeModel.pdf [Accessed 15 September 2017]. Mindtools, n.d. Bridges' Transition Model. [Online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/bridges-transition-model.htm [Accessed 15 September 2017].