Parties and Democracy in the Eastern European Countries Essay

Gatherings and Democracy in the Eastern European Countries - Essay Example Gatherings help fix the recently settled popularity based governments in a more extensive network and impact their dependability among the various procedures of brisk social and modern change. Important constitutions and the different procedures ensnared in the standard of law are strengthened by the potential outcomes parties set forward for the advancement of an increasingly dynamic populace and the presence of a solid law based political lifestyle. There are additionally solid motivations to accept such conditions are helpful for stable procedures of financial turn of events and the development of successful market economies (in the same place, p.2). The focus on discretionary action and the techniques parties use to arrive at organization office are especially significant. To the degree of post-socialist eastern Europe, it very well may be expressed that association in serious races is a principal trait of gathering character improvement and the progression of such associations. Gathering rivalry is a significant attribute of the contemporary governments that separates them from the single party autocracy of the socialist time and offers at the current second a genuine focal point of consideration. The single-party government that existed inside the Soviet fascism, and a while later arrived at different pieces of Europe and the world, shared nothing practically speaking with the experience of the vote based serious gathering system. Present day Eastern Europe contains the greater part of the post-socialist nations and the primary piece of previous the Soviet Union. Lewis gives the accompanying arrangement of eastern European nations: east-focal Europe: Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic; the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; the Balkans: Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and the a large portion of the previous Yugoslavia (Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) previous Soviet republics: Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine (on the same page, p.5). 1989 was a significant year both for the conditions of eastern Europe and the development of a law based Europe by and large. Its most extraordinary picture can be found in opening wide of the unequivocally ensured doors set in the Berlin Wall and the eagerness with which the occupants of Berlin set about its devastation, however thusly it was a procedure of creation that would do most to determine to what extent and in which structure this as of late got freedom would exist. This presumably impacted Velvet transformation in the Baltic states with conclusive fall of the Soviet domain. The fundamental piece of the procedure was the development of new political associations and the foundation of an assortment of gatherings skillful in communicating the perspectives and destinations of contemporary populace. Then again, there was a major issue looked by the quantity of post-socialist nations - the absence of experience of liberal popular government and the relative restriction of gather ing advancement after the nations had picked up freedom. The structure of common society as the fundamental focal point of political intrigue has prevailing during the ongoing years, since general common freedoms, picked up by individuals, have impacted their standpoint and political perspectives. This is the fundamental attribute of 'subunits, fit for restricting and countervailing the state' (Gellner, 1991, p.500).â

The Significance of Islamic Calligraphy in the Muslim Culture Essay

Conceptual In spite of the fact that it could be viewed as an inconsequential piece of society, Islamic calligraphy is vital to its way of life in view of its job in religion and engineering, and its assistance in making solidarity among Muslims. Calligraphy's capacity in religion is mostly because of the Muslim denial of the portrayal of living creatures (Schimmel, Islamic 11) in workmanship. In design calligraphy is utilized to improve the inside and outside of structures to help residents to remember the motivation behind the engineering: to celebrate God. In conclusion, calligraphy assists with joining Muslims since everybody must become familiar with the Arabic language to take an interest in petitions and recitations. Presentation Islamic calligraphy is considered to have formed into a craftsmanship during the hour of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and the child in-law of Muhammad (Schimmel, Islamic 3). Not just a strict pioneer, Ali ibn Abi Talib was an extraordinary calligrapher and craftsman. The utilization and significance of Islamic calligraphy developed quickly after his broad improvement of the craftsmanship. Muslims are advised against creating representations of living creatures, along these lines a lot of Islamic craftsmanship is calligraphic. In spite of the fact that it isn't truly viewed as a genuine work of art by numerous western social orders, Islamic calligraphy is fundamental to its own way of life in light of its vital job in religion, design, and making solidarity among Muslims. Foundation Islamic calligraphy is interesting in a few particular conventions. The letters of the letter set can be written in various structures, making the compositions hard to peruse (Piotrosky 27). It is viewed as an honorable fine art, and has its own musicality and amicability (Khan 7). It is composed from option to left and needs capitalization and accentuation marks (11). Every o... ...ans. Rosanna Giammanco Frongia. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2001. Khatibi, Abdelkebir, and Mohammed Sijelmassi. The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy. Paris: Thames and Hudson, 1994. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic Art and Spirituality. New York: State University of New York Press, 1987. Repel, James. Calligraphy as a Contemporary Art Form. Arts and the Islamic World 31 (1997): 54-55. - . First International Calligraphy Festival in Tehran. Arts and the Islamic World 31 (1997): 50-53. Piotrovsky, Mikhail B. Natural Beauty, Heavenly Art: Art of Islam. Ed. John Vrieze. Amsterdam: De Nieuwe Kerk, 1999. Rosenthal, F. Four Essays on Art and Literature in Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971. Schimmel, Annemarie. Calligraphy and Islamic Culture. New York: New York University Press, 1984. - . Islamic Calligraphy. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1970.

Freebieasy

Freebieasy Howdy folks. Its freebie time for the 99.9% of you readers who dont know what Im talking about, I direct you to Snivelys post, which noted, Twice a year all of the bloggers essentially get a freebie post. We each get our schedules and get to talk about our classes, yay! I will tell you a secret because I have that much love for you all I was really not looking forward to this semester because I was really bummed about my classes. You can ask my mother I was super mopey the day before I left home. But heres the thing I luuurve the schedule Ive settled on this semester; its probably my favorite course load Ive had so far. Im starting to feel like a real engineer and its super. So yeah putting on the big-girl pants and leaving Debbie Downer Elizabeth back home was probably a good decision. And with that introduction, boom away we gooooOOOoo! 20.320 Analysis of Biomolecular and Cellular Systems The boring description: We learn how to code predictive models of biological processes using Python and MATLAB. The awesome description: We get to build virtual organisms. And I have this guy as my professor, which is handy because he somehow manages to be adorable and make a 1.5 hour 9:30 am class interesting for the entire lecture and he has cookies at office hours. If that doesnt epitomize skillz, I do not know what does. We also learn about biological processes so, you know, we know what were coding. I also take very professional notes. Its very important stuff, people! 20.441 Biomaterials: Tissue Interactions Professor Spector is the Chris Kaiser of this year just a hilarious goober-teacher. He also makes the impossible feat of making a 1.5 hour class (during the after-lunch-drowsiness block of time, mind you) interesting seem like a cake walk. He also looks like Henry Winkler (what Henry Winkler looks like now, and not what he looked like when he played The Fonz in Happy Days). 20.441 is probably my favorite class this semester we talk about prosthetics and implants, how to make em, why so many of them right now are crappy, and how to make better ones. On this particular day, Prof. Spector decided to start the class with a hypothetical situation say you wanted to pitch a business idea of making synthetic blood vessels and he was the main investor. How were you going to convince him that you had a good idea (and convince him to give you his cash moneyz?)? Whats that you say you say you have no idea where to start making blood vessels? TOO BAD! Hes got a roster complete with pictures o f everyone in the class and hes gonna cold-call you and make you think on your feet about how to apply the last two weeks lessons into something for the real world in front of the whole class even though you were totally planning on doodling through the next 1.5 hours! (Thank goodness he didnt call on me. Maybe thats why I still like him.) 5.13 Organic Chemistry II There is not much to be said about this class except that sometimes in life, we have to do things that we may not want to do, but they will help us grow in perseverance and character. And they will give us the utmost motivation to colossally kick its ass. STS.064J DV Lab: Documenting Science Through New Media Im learning how to do legitimate filmmaking! No doodles for this class because I never take notes. For 3 hours on Wednesdays, my class of 6 students, 2 professors and 1 TA watch science documentaries and talk about techniques and film theory. For 3 hours on Fridays, my class of 6 students, 2 professors and 1 TA take really, really nice cameras and really, really nice sound equipment and practice implementing those techniques (well my instructors dont, they follow us around to make sure we dont drop our cameras into the Charles River and things like that). So basically, this is a class on learning HOW TO MAKE SCIENCE DOCUMENTARIES. Is my life complete? UM YES I THINK IT IS! I cannot wait to film a blog video with these suckers So thats all for now. And also, in case you missed it last time Im doing a QA video with Stu Schmill, our dean of admissions (yes it is going to be as awesome as it sounds Im still debating whether or not I should whip out my guitar again and improv-sing my answers like I did in my first QA video). Send me your questions (either by posting the comments or e-mailing elizabizzle at mit dot edu). Its your once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask a dean of admissions your questions! So do it! Gimme yer questions!

Code Of Hammurabi Vs. The Ten Commandments - 1610 Words

Name: Veronica Vasquez Professor: Theodore Sanders Class: WOH 1012 History of World Civilization to 1500 Date: October 15th, 2015 Code of Hammurabi Vs. The Ten Commandments. Picture a king so ahead of his time and so powerful that he was aware of the importance and sense of urgency behind establishing laws to ensure the growth of civilization and humanity. His name was Hammurabi and he was the king of Babylon. He reigned from 1792 B.C. all the way to 1750 B.C. As an innovative and feared king he created 282 laws for everyone to follow, as gruesome as an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth and as political as ranking people from nobles to slaves and everything in between, he started a new era for Central Mesopotamia then, and all of humanity now. (Edgar et al) As unimaginable as it sounds for someone to come up with a simple 282 laws for a just way of living; at a later time in Egypt there was someone else coming up with a more spiritual way of life. The Ten Commandments, although history says that Moses discovered the stone some time in 1400 B.C., 300 years after, it has been said that these commandments were known about since the beginning of time from a Higher Power. Moses was a former Egyptian prince and later became a Prophet. The bible quotes Moses as one of the greatest Prophets of history. Facing Pharaoh Ramses and freeing the Jews from slavery, he was one of the most important religious leaders of all time. These commandments explain a betterShow MoreRelatedPublic Law And Private Law1555 Words   |  7 Pagespolice and anyone in a position of authority. Over the course of the unit, we have learned about many different topics in relation to Canadian Law; the 5 main topics I chose to represent in this collage are Public vs. Private Law, The Historical Sources of Law, the ‘Triangle’, Rules vs. Laws, and Jurisdiction. Canadian Law can be divided into 2 sections; public law and private law. Public law deals with issues that affect the general public, or society as a whole. To represent this in my collageRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Capital Punishment1726 Words   |  7 Pagescharge that executions are violations of the â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† provision of the Eighth Amendment; while supporters of the death penalty counter that this clause was not intended to prohibit legal executions. In the 1972 court case of Furman vs. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment was no longer legal. However, in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the court allowed capital punishments to resume in certain states, and shortly thereafter, Gary Gilmore was executed by a firing

Analysis Of Business Studies A Practical Guide Essay

References Ghauri, P. and Grà ¸nhaug, K. (2005) Analysis Methods in Business Studies: A Practical Guide (3rd end). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2002), Analysis Methods for Managers, 3rd End, London: Paul Chapman Gaffe, M. (2008), Business communication, activity and product, Mason, OH: South- Western Engage Learning. Hellenes, S. (2010), Global marketing, London: Pearson apprenticeship limited Johnson, P. and Clark, M. (2006), mapping the terrain: an overview of business and administration analysis methodologies, in P. Johnson and M. Clark. (Ends) Business and Administration Analysis Methodologies, London: Sage. Jobber, D., Fay, J. (2003), Foundations of marketing, London: McGraw Hill. Jones, J. (1999), How to use commercial to body able brands, Thousand Oaks: Sage publications Keller, K. (2008), Strategic cast management, Harlow: Pearson International Limited. Koekemore, L. (2004), Business communications, 1 st Edition, South Africa: Juta and Co., P.291 Kil ter, P. (2000), Business management, 10th edition, Upper Saddle River: Prentice- Hall, Inc. Kotler, P. (2002), Business Management, Millennium Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Custom Publishing, P.45 Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L. (2012), Business Management, 14th Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, p.17-20 Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Wong, V. and Saunders, J. (2008), Principles of marketing, Harlow: Pearson International Limited Kotler,Show MoreRelatedStandards For Financial Decision Making926 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract. The article reviewed was Standards for Financial Decision-Making: Legal, Ethical, and Practical Issues. The key of the abstract is to emphasize the existence of standards and statutory mechanisms for financial decision-making. The article is based on standards of the National Guardianship Association (NGA) (p. 1275). Introduction. The authors study the meaning of term â€Å"standard†. 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For most qualitative studies, it appears that there are two major issues with sampling, (1) sampling the entire population (e.g., only two people contracted a rare disease in the world and the study is conducted only with those two individuals), or (2) taking a sample of the population from which to make generalizationsRead MoreRequest For Conversion Of An Advance Contract1683 Words   |  7 Pagesof Aarhus, Denmark Causal Case Study Methods: Foundations and Guidelines for Comparing, Matching, and Tracing In their first book with the University of Michigan Press, Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines (2013), Derek Beach and Rasmus Brun Pedersen not only developed the underlying logic of process tracing but also provided a practical guide for employing this method in social science research. 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Chapter 1 Owl Post Free Essays

Harry Potter was a highly unusual boy in many ways. For one thing, he hated the summer holidays more than any other time of year. For another, he really wanted to do his homework but was forced to do it in secret, in the dead of night. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 1 Owl Post or any similar topic only for you Order Now And he also happened to be a wizard. It was nearly midnight, and he was lying on his stomach in bed, the blankets drawn right over his head like a tent, a flashlight in one hand and a large leather-bound book (A History of Magic by Bathilda Bagshot) propped open against the pillow. Harry moved the tip of his eagle-feather quill down the page, frowning as he looked for something that would help him write his essay, ‘Witch Burning in the Fourteenth Century Was Completely Pointless — discuss.’ The quill paused at the top of a likely looking paragraph. Harry pushed his round glasses up the bridge of his nose, moved his flashlight closer to the book, and read: Non-magic people (more commonly known as Muggles) were particularly afraid of magic in medieval times, but not very good at recognizing it. On the rare occasion that they did catch a real witch or wizard, burning had no effect whatsoever. The witch or wizard would perform a basic Flame-Freezing Charm and then pretend to shriek with pain while enjoying a gentle, tickling sensation. Indeed, Wendelin the Weird enjoyed being burned so much that she allowed herself to be caught no less than forty-seven times in various disguises. Harry put his quill between his teeth and reached underneath his pillow for his inkbottle and a roll of parchment. Slowly and very carefully he unscrewed the ink bottle, dipped his quill into it, and began to write, pausing every now and then to listen, because if any of the Dursleys heard the scratching of his quill on their way to the bathroom, he’d probably find himself locked in the cupboard under the stairs for the rest of the summer. The Dursley family of Number Four, Privet Drive, was the reason that Harry never enjoyed his summer holidays. Uncle Vernon, Aunt Petunia, and their son, Dudley, were Harry’s only living relatives. They were Muggles, and they had a very medieval attitude toward magic. Harry’s dead parents, who had been a witch and wizard themselves, were never mentioned under the Dursleys’ roof. For years, Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon had hoped that if they kept Harry as downtrodden as possible, they would be able to squash the magic out of him. To their fury, they had not been unsuccessful. These days they lived in terror of anyone finding out that Harry had spent most of the last two years at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The most they could do, however, was to lock away Harry’s spell books, wand, cauldron, and broomstick at the start of the summer break, and forbid him to talk to the neighbors. This separation from his spell books had been a real problem for Harry, because his teachers at Hogwarts had given him a lot of holiday work. One of the essays, a particularly nasty one about shrinking potions, was for Harry’s least favorite teacher, Professor Snape, who would be delighted to have an excuse to give Harry detention for a month. Harry had therefore seized his chance in the first week of the holidays. While Uncle Vernon, Aunt Petunia, and Dudley had gone out into the front garden to admire Uncle Vernon’s new company car (in very loud voices, so that the rest of the street would notice it too), Harry had crept downstairs, picked the lock on the cupboard under the stairs, grabbed some of his books, and hidden them in his bedroom. As long as he didn’t leave spots of ink on the sheets, the Dursleys need never know that he was studying magic by night. Harry was particularly keen to avoid trouble with his aunt and uncle at the moment, as they were already in an especially bad mood with him, all because he’d received a telephone call from a fellow wizard one week into the school vacation. Ron Weasley, who was one of Harry’s best friends at Hogwarts, came from a whole family of wizards. This meant that he knew a lot of things Harry didn’t, but had never used a telephone before. Most unluckily, it had been Uncle Vernon who had answered the call. â€Å"Vernon Dursley speaking.† Harry, who happened to be in the room at the time, froze as he heard Ron’s voice answer. â€Å"HELLO? HELLO? CAN YOU HEAR ME? I — WANT — TO — TALK — TO — HARRY — POTTER!† Ron was yelling so loudly that Uncle Vernon jumped and held the receiver a foot away from his ear, staring at it with an expression of mingled fury and alarm. â€Å"WHO IS THIS?† he roared in the direction of the mouthpiece. â€Å"WHO ARE YOU?† â€Å"RON — WEASLEY!† Ron bellowed back, as though he and Uncle Vernon were speaking from opposite ends of a football field. â€Å"I’M — A — FRIEND — OF — HARRY’S — FROM — SCHOOL –â€Å" Uncle Vernon’s small eyes swiveled around to Harry, who was rooted to the spot. â€Å"THERE IS NO HARRY POTTER HERE!† he roared, now holding the receiver at arm’s length, as though frightened it might explode. â€Å"I DON’T KNOW WHAT SCHOOL YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT! NEVER CONTACT ME AGAIN! DON’T YOU COME NEAR MY FAMILY!† And he threw the receiver back onto the telephone as if dropping a poisonous spider. The fight that had followed had been one of the worst ever. â€Å"HOW DARE YOU GIVE THIS NUMBER TO PEOPLE LIKE — PEOPLE LIKE YOU!† Uncle Vernon had roared, spraying Harry with spit. Ron obviously realized that he’d gotten Harry into trouble, because he hadn’t called again. Harry’s other best friend from Hogwarts, Hermione Granger, hadn’t been in touch either. Harry suspected that Ron had warned Hermione not to call, which was a pity, because Hermione, the cleverest witch in Harry’s year, had Muggle parents, knew perfectly well how to use a telephone, and would probably have had enough sense not to say that she went to Hogwarts. So Harry had had no word from any of his wizarding friends for five long weeks, and this summer was turning out to be almost as bad as the last one. There was just one very small improvement — after swearing that he wouldn’t use her to send letters to any of his friends, Harry had been allowed to let his owl, Hedwig, out at night. Uncle Vernon had given in because of the racket Hedwig made if she was locked in her cage all the time. Harry finished writing about Wendelin the Weird and paused to listen again. The silence in the dark house was broken only by the distant, grunting snores of his enormous cousin, Dudley. It must be very late, Harry thought. His eyes were itching with tiredness. Perhaps he’d finish this essay tomorrow night†¦ He replaced the top of the ink bottle; pulled an old pillowcase from under his bed; put the flashlight, A History of Magic, his essay, quill, and ink inside it; got out of bed; and hid the lot under a loose floorboard under his bed. Then he stood up, stretched, and checked the time on the luminous alarm clock on his bedside table. It was one o’clock in the morning. Harry’s stomach gave a funny jolt. He had been thirteen years old, without realizing it, for a whole hour. Yet another unusual thing about Harry was how little he looked forward to his birthdays. He had never received a birthday card in his life. The Dursleys had completely ignored his last two birthdays, and he had no reason to suppose they would remember this one. Harry walked across the dark room, past Hedwig’s large, empty cage, to the open window. He leaned on the sill, the cool night air pleasant on his face after a long time under the blankets. Hedwig had been absent for two nights now. Harry wasn’t worried about her: she’d been gone this long before. But he hoped she’d be back soon — she was the only living creature in this house who didn’t flinch at the sight of him. Harry, though still rather small and skinny for his age, had grown a few inches over the last year. His jet-black hair, however, was just as it always had been — stubbornly untidy, whatever he did to it. The eyes behind his glasses were bright green, and on his forehead, clearly visible through his hair, was a thin scar, shaped like a bolt of lightning. Of all the unusual things about Harry, this scar was the most extraordinary of all. It was not, as the Dursleys had pretended for ten years, a souvenir of the car crash that had killed Harry’s parents, because Lily and James Potter had not died in a car crash. They had been murdered, murdered by the most feared Dark wizard for a hundred years, Lord Voldemort. Harry had escaped from the same attack with nothing more than a scar on his forehead, where Voldemort’s curse, instead of killing him, had rebounded upon its originator. Barely alive, Voldemort had fled†¦ But Harry had come face-to-face with him at Hogwarts. Remembering their last meeting as he stood at the dark window, Harry had to admit he was lucky even to have reached his thirteenth birthday. He scanned the starry sky for a sign of Hedwig, perhaps soaring back to him with a dead mouse dangling from her beak, expecting praise. Gazing absently over the rooftops, it was a few seconds before Harry realized what he was seeing. Silhouetted against the golden moon, and growing larger every moment, was a large, strangely lopsided creature, and it was flapping in Harry’s direction. He stood quite still, watching it sink lower and lower. For a split second he hesitated, his hand on the window latch, wondering whether to slam it shut. But then the bizarre creature soared over one of the street lamps of Privet Drive, and Harry, realizing what it was, leapt aside. Through the window soared three owls, two of them holding up the third, which appeared to be unconscious. They landed with a soft flump on Harry’s bed, and the middle owl, which was large and gray, keeled right over and lay motionless. There was a large package tied to its legs. Harry recognized the unconscious owl at once — his name was Errol, and he belonged to the Weasley family. Harry dashed to the bed, untied the cords around Errol’s legs, took off the parcel, and then carried Errol to Hedwig’s cage. Errol opened one bleary eye, gave a feeble hoot of thanks, and began to gulp some water. Harry turned back to the remaining owls. One of them, the large snowy female, was his own Hedwig. She, too, was carrying a parcel and looked extremely pleased with herself. She gave Harry an affectionate nip with her beak as he removed her burden, then flew across the room to join Errol. Harry didn’t recognize the third owl, a handsome tawny one, but he knew at once where it had come from, because in addition to a third package, it was carrying a letter bearing the Hogwarts crest. When Harry relieved this owl of its burden, it ruffled its feathers importantly, stretched its wings, and took off through the window into the night. Harry sat down on his bed and grabbed Errol’s package, ripped off the brown paper, and discovered a present wrapped in gold and his first ever birthday card. Fingers trembling slightly, he opened the envelope. Two pieces of paper fell out — a letter and a newspaper clipping. The clipping had clearly come out of the wizarding newspaper, the Daily Prophet, because the people in the black-and-white picture were moving. Harry picked up the clipping, smoothed it out, and read: MINISTRY OF MAGIC EMPLOYEE SCOOPS GRAND PRIZE Arthur Weasley, Head of the Misuse of Muggle Artifacts Office at the Ministry of Magic, has won the annual Daily Prophet Grand Prize Galleon Draw. A delighted Mr. Weasley told the Daily Prophet, â€Å"We will be spending the gold on a summer holiday in Egypt, where our eldest son, Bill, works as a curse breaker for Gringotts Wizarding Bank.† The Weasley family will be spending a month in Egypt, returning for the start of the new school year at Hogwarts, which five of the Weasley children currently attend. Harry scanned the moving photograph, and a grin spread across his face as he saw all nine of the Weasleys waving furiously at him, standing in front of a large pyramid. Plump little Mrs. Weasley; tall, balding Mr. Weasley; six sons; and one daughter, all (though the black-and-white picture didn’t show it) with flaming-red hair. Right in the middle of the picture was Ron, tall and gangling, with his pet rat, Scabbers, on his shoulder and his arm around his little sister, Ginny. Harry couldn’t think of anyone who deserved to win a large pile of gold more than the Weasleys, who were very nice and extremely poor. He picked up Ron’s letter and unfolded it. Dear Harry, Happy birthday! Look, I’m really sorry about that telephone call. I hope the Muggles didn’t give you a hard time. I asked Dad, and he reckons I shouldn’t have shouted. It’s amazing here in Egypt. Bill’s taken us around all the tombs and you wouldn’t believe the curses those old Egyptian wizards put on them. Mum wouldn’t let Ginny come in the last one. There were all these mutant skeletons in there, of Muggles who’d broken in and grown extra heads and stuff. I couldn’t believe it when Dad won the Daily Prophet Draw. Seven hundred galleons! Most of it’s gone on this trip, but they’re going to buy me a new wand for next year. Harry remembered only too well the occasion when Ron’s old wand had snapped. It had happened when the car the two of them had been flying to Hogwarts had crashed into a tree on the school grounds. We’ll be back about a week before term starts and we’ll be going up to London to get my wand and our new books. Any chance of meeting you there? Don’t let the Muggles get you down! Try and come to London, Ron P.S. Percy’s Head Boy. He got the letter last week. Harry glanced back at the photograph. Percy, who was in his seventh and final year at Hogwarts, was looking particularly smug. He had pinned his Head Boy badge to the fez perched jauntily on top of his neat hair, his horn-rimmed glasses flashing in the Egyptian sun. Harry now turned to his present and unwrapped it. Inside was what looked like a miniature glass spinning top. There was another note from Ron beneath it. Harry — this is a Pocket Sneakoscope. If there’s someone untrustworthy around, it’s supposed to light up and spin. Bill says it’s rubbish sold for wizard tourists and isn’t reliable, because it kept lighting up at dinner last night. But he didn’t realize Fred and George had put beetles in his soup. Bye — Ron Harry put the Pocket Sneakoscope on his bedside table, where it stood quite still, balanced on its point, reflecting the luminous hands of his clock. He looked at it happily for a few seconds, then picked up the parcel Hedwig had brought. Inside this, too, there was a wrapped present, a card, and a letter, this time from Hermione. Dear Harry, Ron wrote to me and told me about his phone call to your Uncle Vernon. I do hope you’re all right. I’m on holiday in France at the moment and I didn’t know how I was going to send this to you — what if they’d opened it at customs? — but then Hedwig turned up! I think she wanted to make sure you got something for your birthday for a change. I bought your present by owl-order; there was an advertisement in the Daily Prophet (I’ve been getting it delivered; it’s so good to keep up with what’s going on in the wizarding world), Did you see that picture of Ron and his family a week ago? I bet he’s learning loads. I’m really jealous — the ancient Egyptian wizards were fascinating. There’s some interesting local history of witchcraft here, too. I’ve rewritten my whole History of Magic essay to include some of the things I’ve found out, I hope it’s not too long — it’s two rolls of parchment more than Professor Binns asked for. Ron says he’s going to be in London in the last week of the holidays. Can you make it? Will your aunt and uncle let you come? I really hope you can. If not, I’ll see you on the Hogwarts Express on September first! Love from Hermione P.S. Ron says Percy’s Head Boy. I’ll bet Percy’s really pleased. Ron doesn’t seem too happy about it. Harry laughed as he put Hermione’s letter aside and picked up her present. It was very heavy. Knowing Hermione, he was sure it would be a large book full of very difficult spells — but it wasn’t. His heart gave a huge bound as he ripped back the paper and saw a sleek black leather case, with silver words stamped across it, reading Broomstick Servicing Kit. â€Å"Wow, Hermione!† Harry whispered, unzipping the case to look inside. There was a large jar of Fleetwood’s High-Finish Handle Polish, a pair of gleaming silver Tail-Twig Clippers, a tiny brass compass to clip on your broom for long journeys, and a Handbook of Do-It-Yourself Broomcare. Apart from his friends, the thing that Harry missed most about Hogwarts was Quidditch, the most popular sport in the magical world — highly dangerous, very exciting, and played on broomsticks. Harry happened to be a very good Quidditch player; he had been the youngest person in a century to be picked for one of the Hogwarts House teams. One of Harry’s most prized possessions was his Nimbus Two Thousand racing broom. Harry put the leather case aside and picked up his last parcel. He recognized the untidy scrawl on the brown paper at once: this was from Hagrid, the Hogwarts gamekeeper. He tore off the top layer of paper and glimpsed something green and leathery, but before he could unwrap it properly, the parcel gave a strange quiver, and whatever was inside it snapped loudly — as though it had jaws. Harry froze. He knew that Hagrid would never send him anything dangerous on purpose, but then, Hagrid didn’t have a normal person’s view of what was dangerous. Hagrid had been known to befriend giant spiders, buy vicious, three-headed dogs from men in pubs, and sneak illegal dragon eggs into his cabin. Harry poked the parcel nervously. It snapped loudly again. Harry reached for the lamp on his bedside table, gripped it firmly in one hand, and raised it over his head, ready to strike. Then he seized the rest of the wrapping paper in his other hand and pulled. And out fell — a book. Harry just had time to register its handsome green cover, emblazoned with the golden title The Monster Book of Monsters, before it flipped onto its edge and scuttled sideways along the bed like some weird crab. â€Å"Uh-oh,† Harry muttered. The book toppled off the bed with a loud clunk and shuffled rapidly across the room. Harry followed it stealthily. The book was hiding in the dark space under his desk. Praying that the Dursleys were still fast asleep, Harry got down on his hands and knees and reached toward it. â€Å"Ouch!† The book snapped shut on his hand and then flapped past him, still scuttling on its covers. Harry scrambled around, threw himself forward, and managed to flatten it. Uncle Vernon gave a loud, sleepy grunt in the room next door. Hedwig and Errol watched interestedly as Harry clamped the struggling book tightly in his arms, hurried to his chest of drawers, and pulled out a belt, which he buckled tightly around it. The Monster Book shuddered angrily, but could no longer flap and snap, so Harry threw it down on the bed and reached for Hagrid’s card. Dear Harry, Happy Birthday! Think you might find this useful for next year. Won’t say no more here. Tell you when I see you. Hope the Muggles are treating you right. All the best, Hagrid It struck Harry as ominous that Hagrid thought a biting book would come in useful, but he put Hagrid’s card up next to Ron’s and Hermione’s, grinning more broadly than ever. Now there was only the letter from Hogwarts left. Noticing that it was rather thicker than usual, Harry slit open the envelope, pulled out the first page of parchment within, and read: Dear Mr. Potter, Please note that the new school year will begin on September the first. The Hogwarts Express will leave from King’s Cross station, platform nine and three-quarters, at eleven o’clock. Third years are permitted to visit the village of Hogsmeade on certain weekends. Please give the enclosed permission form to your parent or guardian to sign. A list of books for next year is enclosed. Yours sincerely, Professor M. McGonagall Deputy Headmistress Harry pulled out the Hogsmeade permission form and looked at it, no longer grinning. It would be wonderful to visit Hogsmeade on weekends; he knew it was an entirely wizarding village, and he had never set foot there. But how on earth was he going to persuade Uncle Vernon or Aunt Petunia to sign the form? He looked over at the alarm clock. It was now two o’clock in the morning. Deciding that he’d worry about the Hogsmeade form when he woke up, Harry got back into bed and reached up to cross off another day on the chart he’d made for himself, counting down the days left until his return to Hogwarts. Then he took off his glasses and lay down; eyes open, facing his three birthday cards. Extremely unusual though he was, at that moment Harry Potter felt just like everyone else — glad, for the first time in his life, that it was his birthday. How to cite Chapter 1 Owl Post, Essay examples

World Music free essay sample

While world music is a genre, musical exoticism can be classed as a process in which musicians freely interpret attributes of the music of non-western culture and targeting specifically at foreign audience. It Is the direct perception of the western audiences view of non-western music tradition, not non-western perception of non- western exoticism, in other words not the true perception, only a concept.As exotica is only an imitation, the authenticity of the music is often questioned, the lack of any link between foreign cultural tradition (musically speaking) often results In lilt free consumption by the audience as stated by Phillip Hayward. (Hayward, 1999: As technology become more advanced in the recent years, the lines of authenticity become more and more blurred because of wider acceptance of cross-cultural diasporas events happening throughout the world. The use of samples became more and more available to the world, many people utilized it in a way that it almost is another g enre of its own. We will write a custom essay sample on World Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Exotica exists in almost all type of genres because of this. With the globalization effect, both the audiences and musicians are within reach of any non-western music through the use of internet, television and many other types of media. This also lead to many fusion with western and and non-music with use of traditional elements. This tendency Is happening more and more recently. While western music are creating exoticism by incorporating non-western cultural traditions, usually by either collaborations or using non-western musical instruments and elements of it, e. . : Yang, Any, non-western musicians are also doing similar things, where non-western musicians try approach the western market by fusing heir cultural traditions with western musical elements. This can be seen with recent groups Like twelve girls band, a Chinese group of female musicians where by using traditional instruments incorporate modern (western) arrangements, created a form of exotica that is appealing to western mainstream audiences.Marketing themselves in the way so that it fits its targeted audiences which are the western mainstream listeners but still categorizing themselves in the world music genre. It Is not Just this band uses the processes of exoticism to address to the world music market. In Papua New Guiana, with the announcement of independence in 1975, there has been a burst in the development of new [dependent indigence cultural groups who are enthusiastic about creating are reflecting in the new political change. These PANG contemporary style musicians were inspired by the energy and dynamism of newly Independent culture. Crowds, 1998: 13) chants and instrumental music with western rock and Jazz element, they created this contemporary PANG exotica s tyle. Although unpopular within their locality, it was achieving success in the international world music market. The band has served as he aesthetic of PANG music style. Crowds stated: The bands can be seen to have acted as cultural ambassadors promoting tourism and cross-cultural exchange. (Crowds, 1998: 15) Image also plays an important part to their success in the international stage.Their stage wear referred to as bills, traditional style of clothing consisting of native head- dress and knuckles and armbands from various cultures within the PANG community, which to the normal western audience will see it as Just one PANG culture. Even though they are more marketable internationally, they are having trouble to invoice overseas (bigger) labels to market their music because of their commitment of staying together as a group as members often have personal commitments inside PANG to attend to, they are bounded to one area. There are strong stand points on both sides in terms of their creativity.On one hand, there is the idea of its preservation of tradition by using new means of conveying it, but on the other hand performing traditional music and mixing it with another culture questions its preservation of its original cultural meaning. Its originality has been lost and misled. This two-sided perspective is occurring not only in PANG contemporary music, but also in Asian exotica as well. A well-known band, twelve girl band has made its controversial debut in the international world music market, by fusing traditional Chinese instrument with western arrangements.Many critics argue that they had originality in their music and that it is Just normal western music but using another types of instruments to play it. They have also marketed themselves in a way to appeal foreigners. In the Twelve girl band website, it described them as: One dozen beautiful young omen, all in their twenties, take the stage and stand before an array of exotic and ancient musical instruments. (http://www. Deliverables. Com/bio) Stressing on the image of oriental aesthetics of exoticism for the foreign audiences, and then it goes on the say: The bands origin help explain this remarkable success.To begin with, twelve is an important figure in Chinese numerology. There are twelve months in a year, twelve linchpin (or golden hairpins, representing womanhood) in ancient Chinese mythology. Implying heavily on the mythology ancient Chinese culture. It stress lots more of the mage of the band then the actual music itself. Obviously marketing to a foreign audience, creating a sense of mystery for them. This kind of introduction of the group only serve to appeal to western audience.Firstly the website is in English, the description of beautiful young women in their twenties builds on the image of exotic Chinese culture. The biography later describes the music style only after the description of their image. This appears to be a technique to commercialism the group to make them as mainstream within the world music genre as possible. Continuing on with the geography the group explains that the group represents a strong new voice for global music. (http://www. Deliverables. Com/bio) This group of exoticism view themselves as among the world music genre.They also compared themselves to Artists such as Any, The Buena Vista Social Club and Reverence. Hence stressing the point that they are wanting to appeal to mainstream western audience and they belong in the world music category. In their debut album, their music while consisting original songs, also had famous covers. Containing covers like Clocks by Coldly, as well as Only time by Any. Not only are they exoticism their own culture for the western audience, but they also exoticism music from other exoticism like Any.In Louis Chide-Cookies Dry Satins echo chamber, Reggae, technology and the Dipodic process Chapter, he explain how echoes of cultural traditions are spread within different communities through the mass-media, sub-cultures and those cultures far away are able to interpret and create their own local meanings out of these echoes, (Chide-Cookies, 1999: page) This occurrence of diabolic process can be compared to the Twelve Girls Band, where the band is interpreting their own meanings out of stern music and incorporating their own local cultures to suit their diabolic space. As for Chide-cookies study of this phenomenon only included black music of how the role of Reggae music, and the use of Dub technology had its effects and influence on all western style music today, but this phenomena not only is happening in black music, it is a global echo chamber as well. He stated Reggae is not only a product but a productive mechanism (Chide-Cookies, 1999: 58) Perhaps musical exotica is a process of productive mechanism in itself, not Just a product.Music itself is, at an ever-changing state. Styles and genres intervene and Just like an echo chamber cultures bounce off each again and again creating something different each cycle. It is part of the cycle of evolution taking place in the music industry. The moving within the overall process of the echo chamber.